HTML5 SVG Fill Animation With CSS3 And Vanilla JavaScript

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Marina Ferreira

2019-01-04T13:00:19+01:00
2019-01-04T12:33:22+00:00

SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics and it is a standard XML-based markup language for vector graphics. It allows you to draw paths, curves, and shapes by determining a set of points in the 2D plane. Moreover, you can add twitch properties on those paths (such as stroke, color, thickness, fill, and more) in order to produce animations.

Since April 2017, CSS Level 3 Fill and Stroke Module allow SVG colors and fill patterns to be set from an external stylesheet, instead of setting attributes on each element. In this tutorial, we will use a simple plain hex color, but both fill and stroke properties also accept patterns, gradients and images as values.

Note: When visiting the Awwwards website, the animated note display can only be viewed with browser width set to 1024px or more.

A demo of the final result (Large preview)

🕹 Demo: Note Display Project
📂 Repo: Note Display Repo

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File Structure

Let’s start by creating the files in the terminal:

🌹  mkdir note-display
🌹  cd note-display
🌹  touch index.html styles.css scripts.js

HTML

Here is the initial template that links both css and js files:

<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">

  <title>Note Display</title>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./styles.css">
</head>
<body>
  <script src="./scripts.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

Each note element consists of a list item: li that holds the circle, the note value, and its label.

List item element and its direct children: .circle, .percent and .label. (Large preview)

The .circle_svg is an SVG element, that wraps two elements. The first is the path to be filled while the second is the fill that will be animated.

SVG elements. SVG wrapper and circle tags. (Large preview)

The note is separated into integer and decimals so different font sizes can be applied to them. The label is a simple . So, putting all of this together looks like this:

<li class="note-display">
  <div class="circle">
    <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
      <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
      <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
    </svg>

    <div class="percent">
      <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
      <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <span class="label">Transparent</span>
</li>

The cx and cy attributes define the circle’s x-axis and y-axis center point. The r attribute defines its radius.

You have probably noticed the underscore/dash pattern in classes names. That’s BEM, which stands for block, element and modifier. It is a methodology that makes your element naming more structured, organized and semantic.

Recommended reading: An Explanation Of BEM And Why You Need It

To finish the template structures, let’s wrap the four list items in an unordered list element:

Unordered list wrapper holds four li children (Large preview)

<ul class="display-container">
  <li class="note-display">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Transparent</span>
  </li>

  <li class="note-display">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Reasonable</span>
  </li>

  <li class="note-display">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Usable</span>
  </li>

  <li class="note-display">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Exemplary</span>
  </li>
</ul>

You must be asking yourself what the labels Transparent, Reasonable, Usable and Exemplary mean. The more acquainted you get with programming, you will realize that writing code is not only about making the application functional, but also assuring that it will be long-term maintainable and scalable. That is only achieved if your code is easy to change.

“The acronym TRUE should help decide if the code you write will be able to accommodate change in the future or not.”

So, next time, ask yourself:

Transparent: Are code changes consequences clear?
Reasonable: Is cost benefit worth it?
Usable: Will I be able to reuse it in unexpected scenarios?
Exemplary: Does it present high quality as an example for future code?

Note: “Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby” by Sandi Metz explains TRUE along with other principles and how to achieve those through design patterns. If you haven’t taken some time to study design patterns yet, consider adding this book to your bedtime reading.

CSS

Let’s import the fonts and apply a reset to all items:


@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nixie+One|Raleway:200');

* {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

The box-sizing: border-box property includes padding and border values into an element’s total width and height, so it’s easier to calculate its dimensions.

Note: For a visual explanation on box-sizing, please read “Make Your Life Easier With CSS Box Sizing.”

body {
  height: 100vh;
  color: #fff;
  display: flex;
  background: #3E423A;
  font-family: 'Nixie One', cursive;
}

.display-container {
  margin: auto;
  display: flex;
}

By combining the rules display: flex in the body and margin-auto in the .display-container, it’s possible to center the child element both vertically and horizontally. The .display-container element will also be a flex-container; that way, its children will be placed in the same row along the main axis.

The .note-display list item will also be a flex-container. Since there are many children for centering, let’s do it through the justify-content and align-items properties. All flex-items will be centered along the cross and main axis. If you’re not sure what those are, check out the alignment section at “CSS Flexbox Fundamentals Visual Guide.”

.note-display {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 25px;
}

Let’s apply a stroke to the circles by setting the rules stroke-width, stroke-opacity and stroke-linecap that altogether style the stroke live ends. Next, let’s add a color to each circle:

.circle__progress {
  fill: none;
  stroke-width: 3;
  stroke-opacity: 0.3;
  stroke-linecap: round;
}

.note-display:nth-child(1) .circle__progress { stroke: #AAFF00; }
.note-display:nth-child(2) .circle__progress { stroke: #FF00AA; }
.note-display:nth-child(3) .circle__progress { stroke: #AA00FF; }
.note-display:nth-child(4) .circle__progress { stroke: #00AAFF; }

In order to position the percent element absolutely, it’s necessary to know absolutely to what. The .circle element should be the reference, so let’s add position: relative to it.

Note: For a deeper, visual explanation on absolute positioning, please read “How To Understand CSS Position Absolute Once And For All.”

Another way of centering elements is to combine top: 50%, left: 50% and transform: translate(-50%, -50%); which position the element’s center at its parent’s center.

.circle {
  position: relative;
}

.percent {
  width: 100%;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  position: absolute;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 28px;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

.percent__int { font-size: 28px; }
.percent__dec { font-size: 12px; }

.label {
  font-family: 'Raleway', serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 15px;
}

By now, the template should be looking like this:

Finished template elements and styles (Large preview)

Fill Transition

The circle animation can be created with the help of two circle SVG properties: stroke-dasharray and stroke-dashoffset.

“stroke-dasharray defines the dash-gap pattern in a stroke.”

It can take up to four values:

When it’s set to an only integer (stroke-dasharray: 10), dashes and gaps have the same size;
For two values (stroke-dasharray: 10 5), the first is applied to dashes, second to gaps;
The third and forth forms (stroke-dasharray: 10 5 2 and stroke-dasharray: 10 5 2 3) will generate dashes and gaps in various sizes.

stroke-dasharray property values (Large preview)

The image to the left shows the property stroke-dasharray being set from 0 to 238px, which is the circle circumference length.

The second image represents the stroke-dashoffset property that offsets the beginning of the dash array. It is also set from 0 to the circle circumference length.

stroke-dasharray and stroke-dashoffset properties (Large preview)

To produce the filling effect, we will set the stroke-dasharray to the circumference length, so that all of its length gets filled with a big dash and no gap. We’ll also offset it by the same value, so it gets “hidden”. Then the stroke-dashoffset will be updated to the corresponding note value, filling the stroke accordingly to the transition duration.

The properties updating will be done in the scripts through CSS Variables. Let’s declare the variables and set the properties:

.circle__progress--fill {
  --initialStroke: 0;
  --transitionDuration: 0;
  stroke-opacity: 1;
  stroke-dasharray: var(--initialStroke);
  stroke-dashoffset: var(--initialStroke);
  transition: stroke-dashoffset var(--transitionDuration) ease;
}

In order to set the initial value and update the variables, let’s start by selecting all .note-display elements with document.querySelectorAll. The transitionDuration will be set to 900 milliseconds.

Then, we iterate through the displays array, select its .circle__progress.circle__progress--fill and extract the r attribute set in the HTML to calculate the circumference length. With that, we can set the initial --dasharray and --dashoffset values.

The animation will occur when the --dashoffset variable gets updated by a 100ms setTimeout:

const displays = document.querySelectorAll('.note-display');
const transitionDuration = 900;

displays.forEach(display => {
  let progress = display.querySelector('.circle__progress--fill');
  let radius = progress.r.baseVal.value;
  let circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;

  progress.style.setProperty('--transitionDuration', `${transitionDuration}ms`);
  progress.style.setProperty('--initialStroke', circumference);

  setTimeout(() => progress.style.strokeDashoffset = 50, 100);
});

To get the transition starting from the top, the .circle__svg element has to be rotated:

.circle__svg {
  transform: rotate(-90deg);
}

Stroke properties transition (Large preview)

Now, let’s calculate the dashoffset value — relative to the note. The note value will be inserted to each li item through the data-* attribute. The * can be switched for any name that suits your needs and it can then, be retrieved in JavaScript through the element’s dataset: element.dataset.*.

Note: You can read more about the data-* attribute on MDN Web Docs.

Our attribute will be called “data-note”:

<ul class="display-container">
+ <li class="note-display" data-note="7.50">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Transparent</span>
  </li>

+ <li class="note-display" data-note="9.27">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Reasonable</span>
  </li>

+ <li class="note-display" data-note="6.93">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Usable</span>
  </li>

+ <li class="note-display" data-note="8.72">
    <div class="circle">
      <svg width="84" height="84" class="circle__svg">
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--path"></circle>
        <circle cx="41" cy="41" r="38" class="circle__progress circle__progress--fill"></circle>
      </svg>

      <div class="percent">
        <span class="percent__int">0.</span>
        <span class="percent__dec">00</span>
      </div>
    </div>

    <span class="label">Exemplary</span>
  </li>
</ul>

The parseFloat method will convert the string returned by display.dataset.note into a floating point number. The offset represents the percentage missing to reach the maximum score. So, for a 7.50 note, we would have (10 - 7.50) / 10 = 0.25, which means the circumference length should be offset by 25% of its value:

let note = parseFloat(display.dataset.note);
let offset = circumference * (10 - note) / 10;

Updating the scripts.js:

const displays = document.querySelectorAll('.note-display');
const transitionDuration = 900;

displays.forEach(display => {
  let progress = display.querySelector('.circle__progress--fill');
  let radius = progress.r.baseVal.value;
  let circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
+ let note = parseFloat(display.dataset.note);
+ let offset = circumference * (10 - note) / 10;

  progress.style.setProperty('--initialStroke', circumference);
  progress.style.setProperty('--transitionDuration', `${transitionDuration}ms`);

+ setTimeout(() => progress.style.strokeDashoffset = offset, 100);
});

Stroke properties transition up to note value (Large preview)

Before we move on, let’s extract the stoke transition to its own method:

const displays = document.querySelectorAll('.note-display');
const transitionDuration = 900;

displays.forEach(display => {
- let progress = display.querySelector('.circle__progress--fill');
- let radius = progress.r.baseVal.value;
- let circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
  let note = parseFloat(display.dataset.note);
- let offset = circumference * (10 - note) / 10;

- progress.style.setProperty('--initialStroke', circumference);
- progress.style.setProperty('--transitionDuration', `${transitionDuration}ms`);

- setTimeout(() => progress.style.strokeDashoffset = offset, 100);

+ strokeTransition(display, note);
});

+ function strokeTransition(display, note) {
+   let progress = display.querySelector('.circle__progress--fill');
+   let radius = progress.r.baseVal.value;
+   let circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
+   let offset = circumference * (10 - note) / 10;

+   progress.style.setProperty('--initialStroke', circumference);
+   progress.style.setProperty('--transitionDuration', `${transitionDuration}ms`);

+   setTimeout(() => progress.style.strokeDashoffset = offset, 100);
+ }

Note Value Increase

There is still the note transition from 0.00 to the note value to be built. The first thing to do is to separate the integer and decimal values. We will use the string method split() (it takes an argument that determines where the string will be broken and returns an array containing both broken strings). Those will be converted to numbers and passed as arguments to the increaseNumber() function, along with the display element and a flag indicating if its an integer or a decimal.

const displays = document.querySelectorAll('.note-display');
const transitionDuration = 900;

displays.forEach(display => {
  let note = parseFloat(display.dataset.note);
+ let [int, dec] = display.dataset.note.split('.');
+ [int, dec] = [Number(int), Number(dec)];

  strokeTransition(display, note);

+ increaseNumber(display, int, 'int');
+ increaseNumber(display, dec, 'dec');
});

In the increaseNumber() function, we select either the .percent__int or .percent__dec element, depending on the className, and also in case the output should contain a decimal point or not. We’ve set our transitionDuration to 900ms. Now, to animate a number from 0 to 7, for example, the duration has to be divided by the note 900 / 7 = 128.57ms. The result represents how long each increase iteration will take. This means our setInterval will fire every 128.57ms.

With those variables set, let’s define the setInterval. The counter variable will be appended to the element as text and increased on each iteration:

function increaseNumber(display, number, className) {
  let element = display.querySelector(`.percent__${className}`),
      decPoint = className === 'int' ? '.' : '',
      interval = transitionDuration / number,
      counter = 0;

  let increaseInterval = setInterval(() => {
    element.textContent = counter + decPoint;
    counter++;
  }, interval);
}

Infinite counter increase (Large preview)

Cool! It does increase the values, but it kind of does it forever. We need to clear the setInterval when the notes achieve the value we want. That is done with clearInterval function:

function increaseNumber(display, number, className) {
  let element = display.querySelector(`.percent__${className}`),
      decPoint = className === 'int' ? '.' : '',
      interval = transitionDuration / number,
      counter = 0;

  let increaseInterval = setInterval(() => {
+   if (counter === number) { window.clearInterval(increaseInterval); }

    element.textContent = counter + decPoint;
    counter++;
  }, interval);
}

Finished project (Large preview)

Now the number is updated up to the note value and cleared with clearInterval() function.

That’s pretty much it for this tutorial. I hope you enjoyed it!

If you feel like building something a bit more interactive, check out my Memory Game Tutorial created with Vanilla JavaScript. It covers basic HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript concepts such as positioning, perspective, transitions, Flexbox, event handling, timeouts and ternaries.

Happy coding! 🌹

(dm, ra, il)